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Post by Bonobo on Feb 12, 2010 22:00:17 GMT 1
Boys play nice, or you both will have to take a time out. Mike Yes, Warsovians are quite belligerent people. Natural born fighters/warriors. We, Krakovians, are peaceful and complacent. Natural born lazy bones. Hence, differences of opinions. ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D
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Post by tufta on Feb 12, 2010 22:38:55 GMT 1
Bo, the problem is not wether you erronously ;D claim that Rising was - a tragic mistake caused by the ambitions of one irresponsible man. or that others correctly ;D ;D ;D claim that „Chcieliśmy być wolni i wolność sobie zawdzięczać”, to słowa Delegata Rządu RP na Kraj, a jednocześnie wicepremiera, Jana Stanisława Jankowskiego „Sobola”. W tym jednym zdaniu zawiera on całą, złożoną prawdę o pięciu latach okupacji w Polsce i dwóch miesiącach Powstania Warszawskiego. Powstanie nie jest bowiem nierozumnym, romantycznym zrywem garstki szaleńców, lecz świadomą, choć tragiczną, decyzją polityczną najwyższych, w pełni legalnych władz Polski. Polacy, po doświadczeniach dwóch okrutnych okupacji – niemieckiej i sowieckiej – doskonale zdają sobie sprawę, jaki cel przyświeca Sowietom. Wiedzą, że zbliżająca się od wschodu Armia Czerwona walczy nie po to, aby Polskę uwolnić, ale by zamienić totalitaryzm nazistowski na własny, komunistyczny. Powstanie Warszawskie, którego celem jest wyzwolenie stolicy polskimi siłami i powitanie wojsk sowieckich w roli gospodarza, jest ostatnią próbą uratowania Polski przed zniewoleniem.
btw, sorry about Polish but Bo , let's get real, noone apart from us is interested in the matter anymore, all was said, no reaction, apart from silly ones, our discussion is just what it is, our, between You and me. So, the problem is not about how you see the Uprising. The problem is about if you can understand this absolute, complete majority of Poles ;D ;D ;D which think as quoted above. If your read , for instance Kinderszenen, by Rymkiewicz, born 1935, or listen to Hemp Gru, born 1977 you will get the idea how what you see as a scandal, so many see otherwise.
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tomek
Nursery kid
Posts: 256
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Post by tomek on Feb 12, 2010 22:43:36 GMT 1
Urpising of Warsaw is heroical act. Rebels fighted for Poland. They did one`s best in fighting. We must show respect for their. Thye lost- sorry, it is life. But they tryed doing good job. Poland must remember heros. Do rebeles graves visit by Warsaw people?
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Post by tufta on Feb 12, 2010 22:52:45 GMT 1
. Do rebeles graves visit by Warsaw people? Tomek, if you come to Warsaw on any day and visti Powązki Soldier's Cemetery pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmentarz_Wojskowy_na_Pow%C4%85zkachyou will see and you will not believe your eyes what you see. If you come on 1th August, or All Saints in November , also ouside the graveyards the signs of rembrance is, well toput it midly, difficult to overlook.. Further, there are a lot of memorial plates in the city, every spot where Germans killed innocent people has a plaque. Rarely they are without a candle or fresh flowers.
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Post by Bonobo on Feb 13, 2010 22:24:28 GMT 1
Bo, the problem is not wether you erronously ;D claim that Rising was - a tragic mistake caused by the ambitions of one irresponsible man. It is not erroneous. It is truth. Tragic truth. Nope, it is again this Polish infantile attitude to life. One had to be really mindless and blind to believe that even a won Rising could save Poland from Soviet domination in those circumstances. After Katyn Massacre had been hushed down by Allies in 1943 and Poles had been told to shut up, didn`t Polish politicians realise that the case was lost and there was no need for stupid heroism because it was completely senseless? But no, the Polish government in exile practised the same wishful thinking as underground leaders in occupied Warsaw. The former practised political fiction wishful thinking, believing that insurgents` victory could prevent Soviets from taking Poland over, while the latter practised military fiction wishful thinking, believing they were able to defeat Germans in the battle of Warsaw. Pity that Warsaw had to pay such a price for unrealistic beliefs. I don`t care who is interested in it or not. I come back to the topic regularly because it is one of my painful sores that I can`t get rid of from my mind. Please, no. Not Rymkiewicz again. That pathos of him is really unbearable. I prefer to listen to Doda than read him. ;D ;D How many? Do you know the statistics? I wouldn`t be so sure.....
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Post by tufta on Feb 14, 2010 19:04:31 GMT 1
I come back to the topic regularly because it is one of my painful sores that I can`t get rid of from my mind. Yes, I understand that. You can't get rid of it from your mind, because you think it was a sensless fight. I was trying to help you in finding the way HOW and WHY many people think otherwise. I don't really care if you think that or other way, but I saw you suffering. I have pointed to several sources which may help you in your intellectual and emotional quest. Mostly emotional. You refute them and in a compulsory-perseverative manner you choose to cry over the poor Polish people character again and again. Rymkiewicz and pathos? You have probable mistaken him with somebody else. It's not important how many. Knowledge, truth is not vote-able. It was a joke - since we both don't know how many. General Bór-Komorowski, a heroical, wise, much above average wise, and his officers, they all didn't know how the Warsaw Uprising would end up. But what they new, just as cream of the cream of Polish intelligentsia which actively took part in the uprising knew as well, was that without the uprsing there will be Poland no more. I assure you, they were not a bunch of fools. If Poles were to remain Polish they had to do what they did. The alternaive was to quit living as Poles. They would have to agree to lead a pathetic life on the margin of Great Germany or Great Russia. The communist during forty years of their reign were telling the Poles otherwise. That they should be a 'sensible nation' and behave humbly, that they should be happy with what they are given as 'the circumstances' are what they are. In other words – that they should be a nation of sheep. Or clots. They were telling that the Poles instead of behaving in an infantile manner, should agree to live in partial liberty as a part of Great Russia, as nothing can be changed. To achieve their aims the communists have falsified the history. But they did not menage to falsify the history of Warsaw Uprising, although they tried to falsify it the most. The more they were trying to present it as a romantic, sensless act, the more visible was the truth – the uprising was a genuine t 'act of independance' of modern Poland. Without it there'd be no Poland as she is today. Proud, modern country of European civilization. So, sorry Bo, but long live New Hampshire! ;D ;D ;D ;D
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Post by Bonobo on Feb 17, 2010 0:26:06 GMT 1
Sorry for keeping you waiting. ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D You can't get rid of it from your mind, because you think it was a sensless fight. I was trying to help you in finding the way HOW and WHY many people think otherwise. It doesn`t really matter because all those people are Polish and as such are positively biased about the Rising. I am not like them. I am able to give up my Polish upbringing, patriotism, soul for a while and look rationally at the Rising. What I see is romantically senseless, unprepared fight which ended with a massacre. Yes. I am stuck on it and nothing can be done here. I will critisize stupid irresponsible generals who gave orders till the end of my days. And I will praise the heroism of individual insurgents who, on murderous orders from their mad generals, went to battle against tanks and diving bombers armed with a few pistols and Molotov cocktails. Never mind. This or another, what`s the difference? ;D ;D ;D ;D Tufta, it is against facts. So they WERE stupid, indeed. A general who throws an army of young men, 10% of whom is armed, against powerful German war machine, and still believes in victory, must be out of his mind. That is the Polish pathos I cannot bear. We lived on the margin for 50 years after the war. Did we perish? Solidarity movement in 1980s proved that the nation`s spirit survived. Tufta, you don`t have to start Risings in order to keep the spirit. Letting enemy kill you in an unequal fight is quite a silly act. It is enough to retain values and wait for the right moment. Just like it happened in 1918 or in 1989 when foreing powers occupying Poland crumbled down under the internal and external pressure. I prefer to see it as patient waiting for a chance. Nothing could be changed when the Soviet Union was powerful, from 1945 to mid 1980s. Face the reality as it was till 1989. Thank you for such acts. A few more like them and there wouldnt` be Poland and Poles at all. Our views differ substantially here. I claim that the Rising was a backward move from civilisation and modernity. Destroyed city, its inhabitans, the flower of the nation - executed. Don`t you realise that the lost Rising helped Russians take complete control of Poland? I don`t agree. Losing life is the easiest but also the stupidest solution of all. Waiting for the right moment, keeping faith and national values, and educating young generations, so that they can fullfil our aspirations if we can`t - are more challenging and prove the nation`s strong spirit more powerfully than lost Risings. You quoted Polish text, here is mine, my fav: Adam Asnyk
Miejcie nadzieję!... Nie tę lichą, marną Co rdzeń spróchniały w wątły kwiat ubiera, Lecz tę niezłomną, która tkwi jak ziarno Przyszłych poświęceń w duszy bohatera.
Miejcie odwagę!... Nie tę jednodniową, Co w rozpaczliwym przedsięwzięciu pryska, Lecz tę, co wiecznie z podniesioną głową Nie da się zepchnąć ze swego stanowiska.
Miejcie odwagę... Nie tę tchnącą szałem, która na oślep leci bez oręża, Lecz tę, co sama niezdobytym wałem Przeciwne losy stałością zwycięża.
Przestańmy własną pieścić się boleścią, Przestańmy ciągłym lamentem się poić: Kochać się w skargach jest rzeczą niewieścią, Mężom przystało w milczeniu się zbroić...
Lecz nie przestajmy czcić świętości swoje I przechowywać ideałów czystość; Do nas należy dać im moc i zbroję, By z kraju marzeń przeszły w rzeczywistość
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Post by Bonobo on Sept 25, 2010 22:09:16 GMT 1
A nice metal song about the Rising by a Swedish group Sabaton. The films used as illustration are really worth watching.
With English lyrics.
At 2:36 - a boy fighter.
Warsaw Rise! Do you remember when, when the nazis forced their rule on Poland 1939 and the allies turned away From the underground rose a hope of freedom as a whisper City in despair, but they never lost their faith Women, men and children fight they were dying side by side And the blood they shed upon the streets was a sacrifice willingly paid
Warsaw, city at war Voices from underground whispers of freedom 1944 help that never came calling Warsaw city at war Voices from underground whispers of freedom Rise up and hear the call history calling to you Warszawo walcz!
Spirit, soul and heart in accordance with the old traditions 1944 still the allies turn away Fighting street to street in a time of hope and desperation Did it on their own and they never lost their faith All the streetlights in the city broken many years ago Break the curfew, hide in sewers Warsaw it's time to rise now
The official video released by the group with reconstructed events:
Other films A few minutes before the Rising, insurgents are getting ready:
Execution scene of insurgents, film Canal.
I am not sure if I already showed the film of the Rising capitulation.
Oh my God, I feel like crying. The people who gave orders should be brought and tried before court martial, instead of having streets named after them. What injustice! Who is going to name a street after all the victims of Warsaw Rising? Is there a single street in Poland named after 200 thousand Warsavians who died in executions, bombardment, death and concentration camps?
No.
I protest.
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Post by tufta on Sept 26, 2010 19:34:58 GMT 1
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Post by Bonobo on Oct 4, 2010 22:19:56 GMT 1
A nice interview, but he, not being a historian, tends to believe in and repeat certain myths about the Rising. On the opposite, Bo. He is trying to break some communist-origined myths and stereotypes about the uprsing. These were sown so deep that even some otherwise patriotic and 'engaged' Poles got caught and started to believe and repeat them. yaaaaaaawn...... ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D The main myth about the Rising: 1. We fought for two months and managed to hold our positions. Yes, it was two months but why? Let me quote a passage from a book in my library entitled The Use of Armour in the Rising. [....] In the final stage of the Rising Germans introduced massive tank force. It was caused by the situation on the front - after Russians took the right-side district of Praga, Germans decided to crush the Rising quickly. The stabilised front allowed them to move a few armoured units into Warsaw. Fierce attacks of grenadiers, backed with tanks, resulted in quick progress across insurgents` lines.
[...] Żoliborz capitulated on 30 September.
Fighting in Mokotów and Żoliborz prove that hardened front units, backed with armour and artillery, were able to make short work of insurgents` defences. At the beginning of the Rising, Germans used low morale/quality troops in Warsaw, that is why the fight was prolonged and unsuccessful for them. What does it mean? The Rising lasted so long because Germans didn`t consider it so important at the beginning, that is why they used "police" force to stiffle the resistance. The "police" units were worthless, more interested in looting, raping and executing civilians than fighting AK soldiers. But when front soldiers arrived, the insurgents had no chance to maintain their positions. How could the Rising leaders make such erroneous judgment about their own strength and Germans` strength? It is really unbelievable to me. Typical Polish bravado. The problem is that Warsaw residents had to pay for that. And that`s what I will never forget - the fate of simple people, robbed, looted, raped and murdered by German animals and their renegade Russian allies. But that should have been predicted by Okulicki, Komorowski and others. I
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Post by tufta on Oct 5, 2010 8:24:26 GMT 1
yaaaaaaawn...... ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D exactly! all was said already, Bo... ... now it's time of waiting, incubating the ideas. ;D ;D In some 10 years you will be with me, just as 10 years ago I was with you. I know it sounds like ageism a rebour, please don't mind it, I do respect your views, life stance and so on irrespective if you are 20 or 80. But I am just saying what i do believe - you will be where I am in 10 years, or maybe even quicker because you are brighter ;D ;D ;D This is the myth conctructed by propaganda aimed at ridiculing Polish effort to defend our own liberty. ;D ;D It was conctructed in a typical way orf mixing the false with the truth. ;D ;DThat sole aim of constructing the myth was to be able to deconstruct it ;D ;D The truth is "we fought two months and managed to engage large enemy forces". To confirm this truth let me quote a passage from a book in your library entitled The Use of Armour in the Rising. In the final stage of the Rising Germans introduced massive tank force. It was caused by the situation on the front - after Russians took the right-side district of Praga, Germans decided to crush the Rising quickly. The stabilised front allowed them to move a few armoured units into Warsaw. Fierce attacks of grenadiers, backed with tanks, resulted in quick progress across insurgents` lines.
This was the strenght of the uprising. It would be headless, erroneous, bravado to attack a formal, well organized army. Yet the leader did make a mistake. Machulski also talks about it -
www.rp.pl/artykul/542882-Helikoptery--zamiast-filmow.html
Nazbyt często prowadzi się dyskusję o powstaniu w ahistoryczny sposób. Zapominamy, że przed jego wybuchem konspiracyjna młodzież przez pięć lat podchorążówki szkoliła się na żołnierzy, żeby walczyć z hitlerowcami. Przepraszam – z Niemcami: nie znano wtedy słowa „hitlerowcy”. Nie było błędem myślenie, że pomogą nam Rosjanie – wszyscy wiedzieli, że tak się nie stanie. Największą pomyłką stała się nietrafiona diagnoza stanu niemieckiej armii. Dziś łatwo o tym mówić, ale w lipcu 1944 roku warszawiacy widzieli rozbite przez Rosjan niemieckie dywizje. Szły przez stolicę w fatalnym stanie, żołnierze często nie mieli butów. Pamiętajmy, że w czerwcu w Normandii wylądowali alianci, w lipcu zorganizowano zamach na Hitlera. Były wszelkie powody, by myśleć, że III Rzesza jest pobita. Oczywiście, plan „Burza” nie zakładał, że Warszawa będzie miejscem działań wojennych. Ale ostatecznie generał Kazimierz Sosnkowski, naczelny wódz Polskich Sił Zbrojnych, pozostawił dowódcom AK w stolicy wolną rękę. Niestety, 31 lipca 1944 roku nastąpił gwałtowny zwrot wydarzeń. Niemcy przeprowadzili antyrosyjską kontrofensywę. Jednak lawina została uruchomiona, kamienie zaczęły się toczyć. Kierownictwo AK popełniło błąd, ale nie ono pierwsze. Alianci, kierowani przez tak doświadczonych dowódców jak Eisenhower i Montgomery, przegrali w podobnych okolicznościach bitwę o Arnhem.
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Post by Bonobo on Dec 22, 2010 22:49:02 GMT 1
Codename Ali: Nigerian jazzman fought for Poland in Warsaw Rising 16.12.2010 11:08
August Agbola O’ Brown
In the week that Poland’s first black MP was sworn in to parliament, a new history book tells the story of a Nigerian-born musician who fought for Poland in the WW II Warsaw Rising.
Story by Nick Hodge
As detailed in a new book published by the Foundation Afryka Inaczej (Another Side of Africa), Poland’s WW II underground army boasted a hitherto forgotten black soldier in her ranks.
August Agbola O’ Brown, codename Ali, was a jazzman on the capital’s prewar musical scene. In 1944, he fought in the Warsaw Rising against the Nazi occupants. By then he had already married a Pole, by whom he had two children: Ryszard and Aleksandra.
From Nigeria to Warsaw
The legacy of August O’ Brown seemed almost completely consigned to oblivion, even amongst specialists of Poland’s complex web of partisan warfare. However, the trail was picked up by Dr. Zbigniew Osinski, currently an archivist at the Museum of the Warsaw Rising.
He has revealed a charismatic figure who was ‘completely assimilated’ in the life of the pre-war capital, and who regarded Poland as “his second motherland”.
August O’Brown was born in Nigeria in 1895, the son of Wallace and Josephine O’Brown. A musician by profession, he came to Poland in 1922, having previously spent some time in England and the free city of Gdansk.
Settling in Warsaw at ul. Zlota, O’ Brown swiftly found work amidst the city’s cosmopolitan music scene. He married, and his first child was born in May 1928. A percussionist, O’ Brown was a regular performer in Warsaw’s fashionable venues, as remembered by photographer Andrzej Zborski in an interview with Jazz Magazine:
“He regaled everyone that he was a polyglot and knew five languages. Right before the war I met him quite often out and about on the streets… I remember him as a strappingly handsome, exceptionally elegant fellow. He wore light-coloured suits and vibrant ties… and yes, always with a suitable hat of course… Without question he was an intelligent and quick-witted man,” said Zborski.
Warsaw insurgent
In September 1939, O’ Browne took part in the defence of Warsaw, which bore the brunt of the Nazi bombing campaign. Later we find him as a distributor of clandestine press for Poland’s underground forces. However, it was in 1944 that the musician was drawn into a head-on clash with the occupying regime.
The Warsaw Rising, a three-month battle waged by a non-professional army that was effectively loyal to the Polish government-in-exile in London, remains one of the most controversial clashes of the war.
Alternately described as a courageous bid to cast off the Nazi shackles and a reckless throw of the dice that was doomed from day one, it briefly created the illusion of a free Poland, before a second totalitarian state took up the reins.
According to Dr. Osinski, O’ Brown, codenamed ‘Ali’, fought with Battalion ‘Iwo’ in central Warsaw. His commanding officer was Corporal Aleksander Marcinczyk, codenamed ‘Swan’.
The conflict resulted in over 300,000 casualties, largely civilians. After the surrender, Hitler ordered the city to be dynamited, block by block. In January 1945, the Red Army, which had been loitering on the outskirts of the city, marched into Warsaw. It was a watershed moment for the installation of the communist regime.
Postwar mystery
Ali survived the Rising, and by the late forties, it appears that he had begun to play in Warsaw venues again. However, the period 1948-1956, generally accepted as the most repressive era of the Communist regime, was a far cry from the world of opportunity that O’ Brown had known in prewar Warsaw.
After the so-called thaw of 1956, Ali, like many Polish citizens, emigrated with his family. Dr Osinski holds that the O’ Browns sailed for Great Britain, but as of yet, no further information has been found about their plight. (pg)
Sources: Quotes from Chapter 8 of the book Afryka w Warszawie (2010), edited by Pawel Sredzinski and Mamadou Dioufa, published by Fundacja Afryka Inaczej, www.afryka.org, Gazeta Wyborcza.
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Post by Bonobo on Jun 19, 2011 19:22:25 GMT 1
Two nostalgic songs and slideshows of rare photos from the Rising.
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Post by Bonobo on Apr 9, 2012 8:58:47 GMT 1
A documentary about the Rising mainly from Nazi and Soviet newsreeel was coloured.
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Post by Bonobo on Oct 2, 2016 15:53:56 GMT 1
I found an interesting interview about Germans who carried out executions of Polish civilians during Rising. They were ordinary Germans, not specially trained murderers. They got up in the morning, ate breakfast and went to work - to massacre thousands of residents, because they had such orders. They implemented industrial killing, in Holocaust style - nobody was spared. When orders were lifted, massacres stopped. How simple. The most infamous execution squad consisted of middle-aged soldiers who were too old to fight in the front. Before the war they were clerks, craftsmen. Terrifying what discipline and obedience can lead to. www.polskatimes.pl/powstanie-warszawskie/a/piotr-gursztyn-ludobojstwa-w-warszawie-dokonali-tzw-zwykli-niemcy-na-rozkaz-stawali-sie-bestiami,10467818/
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Post by propatriapoland on Jan 28, 2019 13:49:41 GMT 1
The Wola massacre was the systematic killing of between 40,000 and 50,000 people in the Wola district of Warsaw by German troops and collaborationist forces during the early phase of the Warsaw Uprising.
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Post by Bonobo on Jan 28, 2019 22:29:40 GMT 1
The Wola massacre was the systematic killing of between 40,000 and 50,000 people in the Wola district of Warsaw by German troops and collaborationist forces during the early phase of the Warsaw Uprising. The massacre was a horrific act even by German standards. They were like mad dogs in Wola. Pity most remained unpunished for their murderous deeds, except those who died in combat later on. Let me suggest looking at the post showing my photos of Wola Massacre monument which I consider a beautiful work of art. The post is included in a larger War Rememberance thread which shows other places like that. polandsite.proboards.com/post/33712
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Post by propatriapoland on Feb 7, 2019 10:29:31 GMT 1
The church (also known as Church of St. Stanisław) was a transitory camp for many inhabitans of Wola district (of Warsaw), who, during Warsaw Uprising, were sent to Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków.
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Post by pjotr on Feb 13, 2019 1:44:16 GMT 1
Bonobo and Propatria Poland, The Wola massacre was a cruel, vicious and brutal war crime which matched the worst crimes of the Holocaust Einsatzcommando's behind the lines on the Eastern-Front in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia in the SovjetUnion. I saw documentaries and read statements by German, Austrian and even Dutch Waffen-SS men who feared and loathed the beasts (heavy criminals) of the SS-Sturmbrigade "Dirlewanger", an infamous Waffen SS penal unit led by SS-Oberführer Oskar Dirlewanger in central Warsaw in 1944. The Wola massacre was carried out by the SS-Police forces „ Kampfgruppe Rohr“ of SS- und Polizeiführer Paul Otto Geibel, the men of Dirlewanger and the notorious S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A. (Russian National Liberation Army) under the leadership of Waffen-Brigadeführer der SS Bronislav Kaminski. In Warsaw were foreign SS battalions (units) of White Russians, Baltic people, Ukrainians, and Azerbaijans. SS- und Polizeiführer Paul Otto GeibelDirlewanger's killers of the 36th Waffen SS Grenadier Division.Men of the SS-Sturmbrigade "Dirlewanger" in the Wola District in Warsaw in August 1944From 5 to 12 August 1944, tens of thousands of Polish civilians along with captured Home Army resistance fighters were brutally and systematically murdered by the Germans in organised mass executions throughout Wola. The Germans anticipated that these atrocities would crush the insurrectionists' will to fight and put the uprising to a swift end. However, the ruthless pacification of Wola only stiffened Polish resistance, and it took another two months of heavy fighting for the Germans to regain control of the city. The Wola Massacre Memorial on Górczewska Street at the location of the railway embankment where up to 10,000 people were shot and then burned by the Germans between 5 and 8 August 1944The Warsaw Uprising broke out on 1 August 1944. During the first few days the Polish resistance managed to liberate most of Warsaw on the left bank of the river Vistula (an uprising also broke out in the district of Praga on the right bank but was quickly suppressed by the Germans). Two days after the start of the fighting, SS General Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski was placed in command of all German forces in Warsaw. Following direct orders from SS-Reichsfűhrer Heinrich Himmler to suppress the uprising without mercy, his strategy was to include the use of terror tactics against the inhabitants of Warsaw. No distinction would be made between insurrectionists and civilians. Himmler's orders explicitly stated that Warsaw was to be completely destroyed and that the civilian population was to be exterminated. On 5 August, three German battle groups started their advance toward the city centre from the western outskirts of the Wola district, along Wolska and Górczewska streets. The German forces consisted of SS Police Battalions, as well as the mostly Russian SS-Sturmbrigade RONA and the SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger, an infamous Waffen SS penal unit led by Oskar Dirlewanger. British historian Martin Windrow described Dirlewanger's unit as a " terrifying rabble" of " cut-throats, [foreign] renegades, sadistic morons, and cashiered rejects from other units". S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A.. commanders of the R.O.N.A. during Warsaw UprisingMurdered Polish civilians in the Wola DistrictShortly after their advance toward the centre of Warsaw began, the two lead battle groups — Kampfgruppe "Rohr" (led by Generalmajor Günter Rohr) and Kampfgruppe "Reinefarth" (led by Heinz Reinefarth) — were halted by heavy fire from Polish resistance fighters. Unable to proceed forward, some of the German troops began to go from house to house carrying out their orders to shoot all inhabitants. Many civilians were shot on the spot but some were killed after torture and sexual assault. Estimates vary, but Reinefarth himself has estimated that up to 10,000 civilians were killed in the Wola district on 5 August alone, the first day of the operation. Most of the victims were the elderly, women and children. SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth (first from left), SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (center) and an unidentified German (or Ukrainian) officer. The photo was taken in Wola district of Warsaw in August 1944.The majority of these atrocities were committed by troops under the command of SS-Oberführer Oskar Dirlewanger and SS-Brigadeführer Bronislav Kaminski.Research historian Martin Gilbert, from the University of Oxford, wrote: " More than fifteen thousand Polish civilians had been murdered by German troops in Warsaw. At 5:30 that evening [August 5], General Erich von dem Bach gave the order for the execution of women and children to stop. But the killing continued of all Polish men who were captured, without anyone bothering to find out whether they were insurrectionists or not. Nor did either the Cossacks or the criminals in the Kaminsky and Dirlewanger brigades pay any attention to von dem Bach Zelewski's order: by rape, murder, torture and fire, they made their way through the suburbs of Wola and Ochota, killing in three days of slaughter a further thirty thousand civilians, including hundreds of patients in each of the hospitals in their path." SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski (1 March 1899 – 8 March 1972). In 1944 he led the brutal suppression of the Warsaw Uprising. Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski had Kashubian roots, but Germanised his name.Ochota MassacreSimultaneously with the German attack on Wola, the Kaminski Brigade started its onslaught on the Ochota district. The forces defending the area consisted of only two ill-equipped battalions, while the Germans were aided by tanks, artillery and Goliath self-propelled mines. However, the morale of German and Russian troops fighting in the area was low, and the main aim of the soldiers fighting there was to loot and rape rather than to attack enemy positions. As a result, the two battalions of the Home Army managed to defend the area with heavy casualties until August 11, when they retreated toward Mokotów. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochota_massacrePieter P.S.- I limited myself on writing on the Wola massacre, because I know about Oskar Dirlewanger's heritage as " a psychopathic killer and child molester", " violently sadistic commander", that he was " an expert in extermination and a devotee of sadism and necrophilia". According to Timothy David Snyder (born 1969), an American author and historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, and the Holocaust, " in all the theaters of the Second World War, few could compete in cruelty with Dirlewanger". After the end of World War I, Dirlewanger, was described in a police report as " a mentally unstable, violent fanatic and alcoholic, who had the habit of erupting into violence under the influence of drugs." Dirlewanger joined different Freikorps right-wing paramilitary militias and fought against German communists in Ruhr and Saxony, and against Polish nationalists in Upper Silesia. Oscar Dirlewanger was of course only one of the many crual commanders during the Warsaw Uprising. Bronislav Kaminski, the commander of the S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A., the Ukrianian Petro Dyachenko, commander of the 31. Schutzmannschafts-Bataillon der SD who participated in crushing of Polish resistance against Nazis, and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS and Police and SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth, 26 December 1903 – 7 May 1979) organiser of a military unit consisting of personnel from various security units that paricipated in the oppression of the Warsaw Uprising and that fought in the Wola district and thus was responsible for the Wola Massacre. SS-Oberführer Oskar DirlewangerWaffen-Brigadeführer der SS Bronislav Kaminski. His father was an ethnic Pole and his mother was an ethnic German (later termed Volksdeutsch in Nazi Germany).The Ukrainian Lieutenant-General Petro DyachenkoSS-Gruppenführer Heinz ReinefarthIn two days, the units of Reinefarth and SS-Oberführer Oskar Dirlewanger executed approximately 60,000 civilian inhabitants of Warsaw in what is known as the Wola Massacre. In one of his reports to the commander of the German 9th Army Reinefarth stated that "we have more prisoners than ammunition to kill them". After securing the Wola area, his troops took part in heavy fighting against the Armia Krajowa in the Old Town. In September, his forces were transferred to attack the boroughs of Powiśle and Czerniaków, where they committed further atrocities, including killing of POWs and wounded found in military hospitals. In all 150,000–200,000 Polish civilians were killed during the uprising. For his actions during the Warsaw Uprising Reinefarth was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 30 September 1944. SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski led the brutal suppression of the Warsaw Uprising. Rainer StahelDespite his relatively limited role in suppressing the Warsaw uprising of 1944 Generalleutnant der Luftwaffe Rainer Stahel was responsible for a series of crimes committed against the civilian population of Warsaw. On August 2 he ordered the killing of all men identified as actual or potential insurgents, and the taking of hostages from among the civilian population to be used as human shields when assaulting insurgent positions. The testimonies of the soldiers of 4. East Prussian Grenadier Regiment who arrived in Warsaw on August 3 show that Stahel gave them the order to "kill all men encountered, remove women and children, and burn houses." Moreover, Stahel ordered the execution of Polish prisoners held in prison on Rakowiecka street in Mokotów district and officially sanctioned looting perpetrated by German soldiers, allowing them to take anything they wanted from houses on fire. Nikolaus von VormannNikolaus von Vormann (24 December 1895 – 26 October 1959) was a highly decorated General der Panzertruppe in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 9th Army. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He wrote two books documenting his war-time experiences: Der Feldzug 1939 in Polen and Tscherkassy. He died in 1959.Nikolaus von Vormann (24 December 1895 – 26 October 1959) was a German general who served in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany. In World War II he served on the Eastern Front campaigns and in 1944 briefly commanded the 9th Army. During this brief interval, he became involved in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising, although the main responsibility for the wanton destruction of the Polish capital and the massacre of its inhabitants laid with the SS-generals Von dem Bach-Zelewski and Reinefarth von Vormann bares partly responsibility for the oppression and destruction of Warsaw. Walter ModelOtto Mortiz Walter Model (24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945) was a German field marshal during World War II. Although he was a hard-driving, aggressive panzer commander early in the war, Model became best known as a practitioner of defensive warfare. His relative success as commander of the Ninth Army in the retreats of 1941–42 determined his future career path. He has been called the Third Reich's best defensive tactical commander. Model stopped the Red Army's advance just short of Warsaw by 3 August, setting up a continuous front from south of Shaulyay to the right boundary on the Vistula near Pulawy. While commanding Army Group Centre, he refused to dispatch troops to put down the Warsaw uprising (a task that ultimately was carried out by the SS), viewing it as a rear-area matter. He stated that the revolt arose from the mistreatment of the Polish population by the Nazis, and the army should have nothing to do with it. On the other hand, he showed no hesitation in clearing the Warsaw suburbs of Praga and Saska Kępa, through which vital supply lines ran. British war correspondent Alexander Werth listed Model at the top of the list of the war criminals responsible for the " deliberate extermination policy" in the SovjetUnion ( Battles of Rzhev) and noted that most of the killings of civilians were carried out by regular Wehrmacht units, not just the Gestapo or the SD ( Sicherheitsdienst). Pieter
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Post by pjotr on Feb 13, 2019 3:39:24 GMT 1
Warning graphic images. This is a war movie about the Warsaw Uprising
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Post by pjotr on Feb 14, 2019 17:36:42 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Feb 14, 2019 17:51:15 GMT 1
The SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger (the 36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS) was a unit of the Waffen-SS during World War II. Composed of criminals expected to die fighting on the front line, the unit was led by Oskar Dirlewanger. Originally formed for counter-insurgency duties against the Polish resistance movement, the unit was used in the Bandenbekämpfung (" bandit fighting") actions in German-occupied Europe. During its operations, it engaged in raping, pillaging and mass murder of civilians. The Nazi SS division was made up of murderers and rapistsThe unit participated in some of World War II's most notorious campaigns of terror in Belarus, where it carved out a reputation within the Waffen-SS for committing atrocities. Numerous army and SS commanders attempted to remove Dirlewanger from the SS and disband the unit, although he had patrons within the Nazi apparatus who intervened on his behalf. His unit took part in the destruction of Warsaw, and the massacre of ~100,000 of the city's population during the Warsaw Uprising; and participated in the brutal suppression of the Slovak National Uprising in 1944. Dirlewanger's formation generated fear throughout Waffen-SS organizations, including the SS-Führungshauptamt (SS Command Headquarters) and earned notoriety as the most criminal and heinous SS unit in Hitler's war machine. On 1 August 1940, the Dirlewanger was assigned to guard duties in the region of Lublin (site of a Nazi-established "Jew reservation" established under the Nisko Plan) in the General Government territory of occupied Poland.[3] According to journalist and author, Matthew Cooper, "wherever the Dirlewanger unit operated, corruption and rape formed an every-day part of life and indiscriminate slaughter, beatings and looting were rife". The Dirlewangers, (36th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS), a military unit of the Waffen-SS, often wore masks in late 1944, early 1945, due to the pictures taken of them during the Warsaw Uprising in August 1944. The Dirlewangers were the most criminal and heinous SS unit in Hitler's war machine.In Belarus (named the Reichskommissariat Ostland by the Nazis), the unit came under the command of local HSSPF Erich von dem Bach. The Dirlewanger resumed so-called anti-partisan activities in this area, working in cooperation with the Kaminski Brigade, a militia of Russians under the command of Bronislav Kaminski. Dirlewanger's preferred method of operation was to gather civilians in a barn, set it on fire and shoot with machine guns anyone who tried to escape; the victims of his unit numbered about 30,000.. Return to PolandWhen the Armia Krajowa began the Warsaw Uprising on 1 August 1944, Dirlewanger was sent into action as part of the Kampfgruppe formation led by SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth; once again serving alongside Bronislav Kaminski's militia (now named S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A.). Acting on orders that came directly from Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, Kaminski's and Dirlewanger's men were given a free hand to rape, loot, torture and butcher.
SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth "Butcher of Wola" (First from left), General of police and Waffen-SS and the Regiment III of Cossacks of Jakub Bondarenko during Warsaw Uprising around Wolska street. Third Regiment of Cossacks contained mix of Cossacks from many regions, and Jakub Bondarenko was commanding 5th Regiment of Kuban Cossack Infantry.
In what became known as the Wola massacre, Kaminski and Dirlewanger personnel indiscriminately massacred Polish combatants along with civilian men, women and children, in the Wola District of Warsaw. Up to 40,000 civilians were murdered in Wola in less than two weeks of August, including all hospital patients and staff. Many otherwise unknown crimes committed by Dirlewanger at Wola were later revealed by Mathias Schenck, a Belgian national who was serving in the area as a German Army sapper. Regarding an incident in which 500 small children were murdered, Schenck stated: After the door of the building was blown off we saw a daycare-full of small children, around 500; all with small hands in the air. Even Dirlewanger's own people called him a butcher; he ordered to kill them all. The shots were fired, but he requested his men to save the ammo and finish them off with rifle-butts and bayonets. Blood and brain matter flowed in streams down the stairs.
The regiment had arrived in Warsaw numbering only 865 enlisted personnel and 16 officers, but had soon received 2,500 replacements. These included 1,900 German convicts from the SS military camp at Danzig-Matzkau. However, the resistance inflicted extremely high casualties on Dirlewanger during fighting in Warsaw. During the course of the two-month urban warfare Dirlewanger lost 2,733 men. Thus, total casualties numbered 315% of the unit's initial strength. While some of the regiment's actions were criticized by von dem Bach (who after the war described them as "a herd of pigs") and the sector commander, Generalmajor Günter Rohr, Dirlewanger was recommended for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Reinefarth and promotion to SS-Oberführer der Reserve.
Rare photo of SS-Oberführer Oskar Paul Dirlewanger,one of the most notorious SS murderers. A psychopathic killer and child molester, founder and commanding officer of the notorious "Dirlewnager Brigade," manned by felons lifted out of prison, Dirlewanger associated himself with an unending stream of indescribable atrocities that moved even many senior SS commanders to demand his demotion and court martial. Postwar, Dirlewanger was taken POW and died while in captivity in 1945.
By 3 October 1944, the remaining Polish insurgents had surrendered and the depleted regiment spent the next month guarding the line along the Vistula. During this time, the regiment was upgraded to brigade status, and named SS-Sonderbrigade Dirlewanger (SS Special Brigade Dirlewanger). In early October, it was decided to upgrade the Dirlewanger again, this time to a Waffen-SS combat brigade. Accordingly, it was redesignated 2. SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger in December 1944, and had soon reached its complement of 4,000 men.The half Pole Bronislav Kaminski with a German police unit
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Post by pjotr on Feb 14, 2019 18:40:57 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Feb 14, 2019 18:44:53 GMT 1
Oskar DirlewangerOskar Dirlewanger (ur. 26 września 1895 w Würzburgu, zm. 7 czerwca 1945 w Altshausen) – niemiecki zbrodniarz wojenny, SS-Oberführer i znany z sadyzmu dowódca specjalnej jednostki karnej SS do zwalczania partyzantów, odpowiedzialny za rozliczne zbrodnie wojenne popełnione w okupowanej Polsce, Białorusi i Słowacji. Ocenia się, że w wyniku akcji dowodzonych przez niego oddziałów (w tym 36. Dywizji Grenadierów SS „Dirlewanger”) śmierć poniosło przynajmniej 60 tysięcy ludzi, w większości cywili; dużą część ofiar niemieccy i wschodnioeuropejscy podwładni Dirlewangera spalili żywcem.ŻyciorysDirlewanger urodził się w Würzburgu. W czasie I wojny światowej otrzymał Żelazny Krzyż. Był ranny w kostkę, rana cięta lewej ręki spowodowała 40% uszczerbek na zdrowiu, został ranny też w prawą rękę. Za każdym razem wracał na pierwszą linię frontu, nawet po otrzymaniu bezpiecznego przydziału na tyły jako instruktor ckm-ów. W listopadzie 1918, w chwili kapitulacji Niemiec, w stopniu porucznika dowodził kompanią karabinów maszynowych w południowej Rosji. Oddziałowi groziło internowanie w Rumunii, Dirlewanger podjął marsz w kierunku ojczyzny, skupiając przy sobie łącznie 600 żołnierzy, również z innych oddziałów.
W latach 1919-1921 służył w różnych jednostkach Freikorps, w tym czasie odbył dwie krótkie kary pozbawienia wolności za ukrywanie broni. 26 marca 1921 w Sangerhausen uczestniczył w walce z bojówkami komunistów. Jako dowódca pociągu pancernego został trafiony w głowę, kula oderwała kość ciemieniową, odkrywając mózgowie.
Kilkakrotnie wstępował do NSDAP (w 1923, 1926 i ostatecznie 1 marca 1932).
W 1919 rozpoczął studia na politechnice w Mannheim, które przerywał, ochotniczo wstępując do organizacji paramilitarnych, walczących m.in. na Górnym Śląsku. W czasie studiów wyróżniał się aktywnością polityczną, groziło mu nawet postępowanie dyscyplinarne za "rażącą agitację antysemicką". Następnie studiował we Frankfurcie politologię, uzyskując tytuł doktora. W swej pracy doktorskiej dokonywał m.in. krytyki polityki centralnie sterowanej w ekonomii. Piastował następnie kierownicze stanowiska w różnych przedsiębiorstwach. W latach 1928-31 był dyrektorem fabryki włókienniczej należącej do żydowskiej rodziny z Erfurtu, malwersując pieniądze dla zasilenia kasy SA.
Jako bojówkarz SA był uwięziony za zakłócanie porządku publicznego. Został aresztowany 22 lipca 1934, skazany na 2 lata pozbawienia wolności i osadzony w więzieniu w Ludwigsburgu za gwałt na 13-letniej członkini BDM. Pozbawiono go też akademickiego tytułu doktora. Wkrótce po odzyskaniu wolności dokonał kolejnego gwałtu na nieletniej, za co został zesłany do obozu koncentracyjnego w Welzheim. Na skutek interwencji Gottloba Bergera został uwolniony z obozu i mianowany oficerem, uczestniczącym w hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej, gdzie w latach 1936-1939 szkolił Hiszpanów w niemieckich oddziałach lądowych Legion Condor. W 1940 uzyskał unieważnienie wyroku o obrazę obyczajności, dzięki czemu ponownie został przyjęty do NSDAP oraz odzyskał tytuł doktora, przyznany mu przez Uniwersytet we Frankfurcie.
W lipcu 1940 został przyjęty do SS. Na swój własny wniosek utworzył i wyszkolił specjalny oddział karny (SS-Sonderkommando Dirlewanger) w podlegający Kommandostab RFSS. Oddział ten (najpierw kompania, batalion, później pułk i brygada) była początkowo złożona z kryminalistów skazanych głównie za kłusownictwo i inne podobne wykroczenia, później przestępców skazanych za najcięższe zbrodnie, takie jak zabójstwo czy gwałt. Od połowy 1944 SS-HA włączała do niej aresztantów z więzień Wehrmachtu i SS, a od jesieni 1944 nawet więźniów politycznych z SPD i KPD. Pierwotnym zamierzeniem było przeciwstawienie niespełna stuosobowego oddziału eks-kłusowników skupiskom pospolitych bandytów oraz przenikaniu sowieckich agentów przez granicę. W 1940 oddział ten przydzielony został do Dowódcy SS i Policji w dystrykcie lubelskim Odilo Globocnika, a sam Dirlewanger został komendantem obozu pracy dla Żydów w Dzikowie Starym, funkcjonującego w ramach kompleksu obozów pracy powstałych w celu budowy umocnień granicznych w rejonie Bełżca, tzw. linia "Otto", a następnie zwalczał szmugiel i spekulację w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie. Był tak okrutny i skorumpowany, że nawet władze SS były oburzone i wszczęły przeciw niemu specjalne śledztwo. Miał on stanąć przed sądem SS w sprawie "kalania rasy" (gwałty na żydowskich "podludziach"), ale ostatecznie nie doszło to do skutku. Cieszył się osobistą protekcją ze strony Gottloba Bergera, awansował i zniknął z pola widzenia wrogów.
Pod koniec lutego 1942 został przeniesiony wraz ze swoim oddziałem na okupowaną Białoruś z zadaniem walki z partyzantką radziecką. Tam wraz ze swoimi podwładnymi dopuścił się całego szeregu zbrodni, już zupełnie bezkarnie i na masową skalę mordując miejscową ludność cywilną oraz niszcząc i grabiąc wiele wsi i miasteczek podczas niemieckich operacji antypartyzanckich.
W sierpniu 1944 pułk SS Dirlewanger został przydzielony do Kampfgruppe Reinefarth pod dowództwem Heinza Reinefartha, walczących z Polakami po wybuchu powstania warszawskiego. W Warszawie oddział ponownie odznaczał się barbarzyństwem, mordując i gwałcąc tysiące cywilnych mieszkańców oraz jeńców wojennych, przy czym podwładni Dirlewangera i on sam zabili kilka razy mniej osób niż żołnierze i policjanci podlegli Heinzowi Reinefarthowi. Za swoje "zasługi" w tłumieniu powstania otrzymał kolejny awans, a 30 września także Krzyż Rycerski Żelaznego Krzyża. 16 października 1944 gubernator Hans Frank wydał na cześć Dirlewangera obiad na Wawelu, na którym wyraził mu "swą wdzięczność i uznanie za wzorowe operacje przeprowadzone przez jego grupę w toku walk w Warszawie"[1].
Pod koniec 1944 uczestniczył w brutalnym tłumieniu słowackiego powstania narodowego, a w lutym 1945 Brygada Szturmowa SS "Dirlewanger" stała się podstawą do utworzenia 36 Dywizji Grenadierów SS "Dirlewanger". On sam jednak opuścił jednostkę po tym, gdy został ranny po raz dwunasty.
Zmarł w czerwcu 1945 w niewyjaśnionych okolicznościach w Altshausen w Badenii-Wirtembergii, po aresztowaniu 1 czerwca we francuskiej strefie okupacyjnej. Możliwe, że został pobity na śmierć przez pilnujących go polskich strażników, zmobilizowanych i skierowanych do służby na tyłach francuskiej 1. Armii. Według innej wersji zabili go współwięźniowie. Plotki o tym, że Dirlewanger żył w późniejszych latach i służył w armii egipskiej, doprowadziły do jego ekshumacji w 1960.
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Post by propatriapoland on Feb 22, 2019 21:53:40 GMT 1
Black Saturday in St Lazarus Hospital in Warsaw - 5.08.1944 , Warsaw Uprising
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Post by pjotr on Feb 23, 2019 19:12:55 GMT 1
Good video Propatria Poland. I hope this video of yours is not only seen by Poles, but also by West-Europeans (especially Germans and Austrians -former occupiers of Poland-), Americans, Canadians, Israeli's and others. What did I learn from your video? I learned that not only Germans and Austrians from the SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger and Russians of the SS-Sturmbrigade RONA participated in the Wola massacre, but also Azerbaijani (Azeri) SS Volunteer Formations. Soldiers of Aserbeidschanische Feld-Bataillon I./111 during the Warsaw UprisingOn January 29, 1944 Heinz Reinefarth was assigned as SS and Police Leader in Reichsgau Wartheland (Polish Great Poland Voivodeship annexed by Germany in 1939). In this post he was responsible for the organised repression against Poles and other nationalities deprived of all rights by Germany. After the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, Reinefarth was ordered to organise a military unit from the 16th Police Company and other smaller security units and head for Warsaw. Upon arrival, his forces were included in the Korpsgruppe Von Dem Bach of General Erich von dem Bach who was ordered by Himmler to quell the rebellion. From August 5, 1944 Reinefarth's group took part in fighting in the Wola area. In several days, his and Oskar Dirlewanger's soldiers executed approximately 40,000 civilian inhabitants of Warsaw in what is now known as the Wola massacre. The Wola killings were mostly inflicted by elements of Kampfgruppe Reinefarth that assaulted the area held by the insurgents from the west. Soldiers of the Aserbeidschanisches Feld Bataillon I./111 in Warsaw with arrested Polish prisonersIt is hard to determine which specific units are to be held responsible, but the main “cleansing” tasks had been assigned to Angriffsgruppe Dirlewanger with following forces: 2 Grenadier Battalions (I & II) of SS Sonderregiment Dirlewanger, Aserbeidschanisches Feld Bataillon I./111 (com. Hptm. Werner Scharrenberg), Ostmuselmanisches SS Regiment (without Battalion III), II Btl. "Bergmann" – (without 7. Komp.) Ltn. Mertelsmann, Gendermerie Operationsgruppe Walter (2 gendarmerie Komp.), Komp. I & II of Aserb. Feld Btl. I/111, Anti-aircraft battery of 80th Regiment, Sturmpanzer-Kompanie z.b.V. 218 (8x Brummbär) Hptm. Kellmann,a part of machine gun 4.Kompanie of Aserb. Feld Btl. I/111, 1. Platoon of 654. Pioniere Battalion, 1 KRONE flamethrower unit (8x Flammenwerfer 41) Lack of precise documentation does not allow to specify precisely which elements of the above were involved in the Wola killing. It is also possible that some units of the other assault group that operated in the Wola area ( Angriffsgruppe Reck) were taking active part in the events, as they also consisted of police/gendarmerie and special assignment units (Hptm. Kirchhubel's Warschau Polizei Kompanie, Hptm. Fersemann's Polizei Wachtkompanie, platoon of SS-Röntgen MG Kompanie from Posen (Poznan), but also SS Grenadiere of SS-Schule Treskau and Aserbaijani 7.Komp/II Bt. Bergmann). During World War II, the Waffen-SS recruited significant numbers of non-Germans, both as volunteers and conscripts. In total some 500,000 non-Germans and ethnic Germans from outside Germany, mostly from German-occupied Europe, were recruited between 1940 and 1945. The units were under the control of the SS Führungshauptamt beneath Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Upon mobilization, the units' tactical control was given to the High Command of the Armed Forces.Source:WikipediaReferencesNotesThe German Army and Genocide, by Hamburg Institute for Social Research p. 142” Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in World War II by Lt. Gen Wladyslaw Anders and Antonio Munoz” The Soviet war against ‘Fifth Columnists’ Jeffrey Burds Vol 42(2), 267–314. ISSN 0022-0094. ” The Devil's Shadow. Stuart Pearson” Hitler ordusunda 40 min azərbaycanlı olub (in Azerbaijani) Dr.K.G.Klietmann, Die Waffen-SS – eine Dokumentation Verlag Der Freiwillige GmbH Osnabrück, 1965, S. 381-382, dort als Turk-Btl.480 bezeichnet, s.a. Neulen, S. 332 Ismayil Akber: Die Azerbaydzhanische Legionare Im kampf Oleg Romanko: Muslim legions of the Second World War Klietmann, S. 382, dort Aufstellung im Sommer 1944 Munoz, S.164, 165. Klietmann, S. 382, Neulen, S.332, Munoz, S. 164 Der Osttürkische Waffen-Verband der SS Roland Pfeiffer – MIHAG – DI Rolf Michaelis Die SS-Sturmbrigade „Dirlewanger“. Vom Warschauer Aufstand bis zum Kessel von Halbe. Band II. 1. Auflage. Verlag Rolf Michaelis, 2003, ISBN 3-930849-32-1 Rolf Michaelis Die SS-Sturmbrigade „Dirlewanger“. Vom Warschauer Aufstand bis zum Kessel von Halbe. Band II. 1. Auflage, 2003, ISBN 3-930849-32-1 www.powstanie-warszawskie-1944.ac.pl/niemcy%20_w_powstaniu_warszaws2.htm www.powstanie-warszawskie-1944.ac.pl/cv_reinefarth.htm www.poloniatoday.com/uprising5.htm - 20k - www.powstanie-warszawskie-1944.ac.pl/niemcy%20_w_powstaniu_warszaws2.htm - 74k Mazower, Mark (2008) Hitler's Empire, pg 465 Mehner,S. 264, Munoz, S. 172-173, 176, s.a. Stärkemeldung v. 16.12.1944 (p. 368) : insges. 8 000 Mann; Richard Landwehr, Siegrunen-Magazin, 55, USA, pp. 77/78, s.a. Neulen, p. 332, der von 4 Regimentern spricht, s.a. Georg Tessin, Band 14, der die Aufstellung einer SS-Waffengrupp„Aserbeidschan Klietmann, p. 382, Munoz, pp. 175-176 Mittlg. MIHAG I an P.Agte v. 7.7.2005, der Verf Antonio J. Munoz - Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen-SS Oleg Romanko Muslim legions of the Second World War. M.: "Publishing Ltd. AST Tranzitkniga, 2004. (Military Historical Library). Antonio J. Munoz - The East came West Neulen, at German side, p. 332 Der Osttürkische Waffen-Verband der SS Roland Pfeiffer – MIHAG – DI “Sonderstab Kaukasus”. p. 2. Personal records of P. von zur Mühlen Sergei Chuyev. Damned soldiers. Moscow, "YAUZA, EKSMO, 2004 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2014-02-08. Sotskov Lev Filippovich Neizvestny Separatizm: At the Service of SD and Abwehr. Excerpts from Testimony of Walter Schellenberg, taken at Nurenberg, Germany, 13 November 1945, Page 1623. Unternehmen Zeppelin: The Deployment of SS Saboteurs and Spies in the Soviet Union, 1942-1945 Perry Biddiscombe Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 6 (Sep., 2000), pp. 1115-1142. Le Caucase dans les Plans Stratégiques de L’Allegmagne 1941-1945 Georges Mamoulia. Alimardanbek Topchubashev: Letters from Paris: Vilayat Kuliev. Baku Further reading Eduard Abramian - Forgotten Legion: Sonderverbände Bergmann in World War II 1941-1945. Eduard Abramian -Kavkatsy v Abvere . Moscow 2006 Christopher Ailsby - Hitler's Renegades: Foreign Nationals in the Service of the Third Reich. Wladyslaw Anders - Russian Volunteers in Hitler's Army 1941-1945. Christopher Bishop - SS Hitler's Foreign Divisions: Foreign Volunteers in the Waffen SS 1940-1945. J. Borsarello & W. Palinckx - Wehrmacht & SS: Caucasian, Muslim, Asian Troops. Dallin A. German Rule in Russia 1941–1945: A Study of occupation policies. London New York, 1957. Littlejohn D. Foreign Legions of the Third Reich: In 4 vols. San Jose, 1987. Vol.4. Antonio J. Muñoz - The East Came West: Muslim, Hindu & Buddhist Volunteers in the German Armed Forces 1941-1945. Munoz, Antonio J. Forgotten Legions: Obscure Combat Formations of the Waffen SS. Axis-Europa Books, 1991. Antonio Muñoz & Dr Oleg V. Romanko - Hitler's White Russians: Collaboration, Extermination and Anti-Partisan Warfare in Byelorussia 1941-1944. Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941-45 K. Yurado Tessin, Georg: Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945. 20 Bde. Osnabrück 1967 ff. Held, Walter: Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Eine Bibliographie der deutschsprachigen Nachkriegsliteratur. 5 Bde. Osnabrück 1978 ff. Joachim Hoffmann: Die Ostlegionen 1941–1943. Turkotartaren, Kaukasier und Wolgafinnen im deutschen Heer. Freiburg 1976. Jeloschek, Albert und Friedrich Richter, Ehrenfried Schütte, Johannes Semmler: Freiwillige vom Kaukasus. Georgier & Tschetschenen auf deutscher Seite. „Der Sonderverband Bergmann“ unter Theo Oberländer. Graz, Stuttgart 2003. ВА-МА, Oberkommando des Heeres / Generalstab des Heeres, H 1/136, bl. 64 NARA. Microcopy T-354. Roll 161. Frames 3806724 through 3807091.
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