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Post by Bonobo on Dec 31, 2017 3:09:52 GMT 1
Historia magistra vitae - PiS bolshevism copies a lot from communism. Therefore, they are treated like communists were. Anti communist protest, victory sign, 1980s.  Anti PiS protest, victory sign, 2017.  |
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Post by Bonobo on Jan 6, 2022 15:45:15 GMT 1
Certain writer has been accused of offending the President which is still a crime in Poland. A literature expert is trying to prove that calling the President a moron is not really offensive coz it fulfills the criteria of satirical style of writing op-ed pieces. www.onet.pl/kultura/onetkultura/proces-jakuba-zulczyka-michal-rusinek-opublikowal-opinie-w-sprawie/fnjg3y6,681c1dfa
The trial of Jakub Żulczyk. Michał Rusinek published his opinion on the case
Michał Rusinek, a literary scholar and philologist, was a witness during yesterday's hearing on the insult of the President of the Republic of Poland by the writer Jakub Żulczyk. Rusinek is the author of the expert opinion presented in the court; decided to publish it in full on social media.
Today, 08:34
Żulczyk went to court for calling the President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda a "moron". The investigation started after informing the private person. The indictment was submitted to the Warsaw District Court at the end of March 2021.
Yesterday in court, Michał Rusinek presented an expert opinion on Żulczyk's text. He also published the text in full on social media
"I would like to thank Krzysztof Nowiński for representing me, and Michał Rusinek for his expertise and appearing in court as a witness" - wrote Jakub Żulczyk on Facebook after yesterday's hearing.
The trial of Jakub Żulczyk in the case of insulting President Andrzej Duda started on November 16, 2021. The whole case concerns the entry that the writer published a year earlier on his Facebook, calling the president a "moron". Żulczyk does not admit to the accusation of insulting the head of state, explaining that his entry "was to be an expression of criticism and concern".
An investigation into this case began after informing a private individual. The indictment was received by the Warsaw District Court at the end of March 2021. After the first hearing, the next hearing is scheduled for January 5. The closing speeches were given just yesterday. We will know the verdict in this case on January 10, about which Żulczyk informed on social media.
The expertise that Michał Rusinek delivered during yesterday's hearing is available on social media - it was published by the author himself. Commenting on the philologist's post, they point out that the text also has a literary value and is pleasant to read. "» Collected philological opinions «. I can see it!", "It is perfect. For a series of columns or a book. As if you wrote a few more teachers and principals like this, in advance, for disciplinary committees, especially in Małopolska ... I can assure you that when LexCzarnek enters, the orders will crumble "," For reading such texts it is worth living "- these are only some of the comments that appeared under Rusinka's post.
Below we present the full text of the opinion that Michał Rusinek presented in court. Bolds come from the editorial office.
The phrase "Andrzej Duda is a retard" is a fragment of a longer statement by Jakub Żulczyk published as a post on the Facebook social network. This statement was satirical and in the form of a short column. The column - as we read in the Dictionary of Literary Terms - is a journalistic genre, "free in character, often using literary means of expression [...], it usually concerns current events or problems, but it is never a programmatic commentary on them, it consists of rather free divagations, often not devoid of a satirical tinge ". Wikipedia gives a similar definition: "a short journalistic work [...] kept in a personal tone, light in form, expressing the author's point of view. It touches on and comments on current social topics, draws attention to negative phenomena in everyday life, often using elements of satire, irony, humor, etc. [...]. The column is situated on the border between non-fiction and artistic literature. "The natural element of Jakub Żulczyk's expression - a writer - is artistic literature, therefore his column should be treated as a statement on the literary side of that border.
As you can see, both definitions emphasize the satirical nature of this type of statement. Satire is a genre that aims to ridicule or stigmatize the phenomena it shows, and these are usually: "human vices and vices, customs, people, groups and social relations, worldview attitudes and political orientations, institutions of public life, ways of behavior and speaking. the statement expresses the satirical author's critical attitude to certain phenomena of life, grows out of a sense of impropriety, or the dangers of the absurdity of certain situations, however, does not propose any positive solutions, standards or ideals, its natural element is the negation of ridiculous.Due to this one-sidedness of satire, it is customary to say that it presents reality in a "crooked mirror", deformed by comic exaggeration or diminution. "
Therefore, let us note that the literary and journalistic genre in which Jakub Żulczyk expressed himself is characterized by specific formal requirements: he reports on someone else's statement in a subjective way and - referring to his own knowledge - evaluates it. While the account itself is kept in a completely neutral tone, the assessment is contained in a blunt formulation, which has the nature of the exaggeration mentioned in the definition of satire. However, exaggeration should be understood here not as amplification (consisting in expanding the topic) but as a shorthand hyperbola, that is: "the presentation of a phenomenon exaggerating its appearance, meaning, action and impact ... elicit a similar reaction in the recipient ". So as you can see,
Finally, let's take a look at the word "moron" itself, used in the last sentence of the statement. Dictionaries give two meanings here - colloquial offensive: "about a limited, stupid person; a snowman, a fool" and medical: "mentally retarded person". If Jakub Żulczyk used the word in the first sense, the incumbent president of the Republic of Poland might have felt offended. Although he could, in fact, if the sentence "Andrzej Duda is a retard" were uttered outside the context of the entire column-satirical statement, the genre of which allows the use of hyperbole. Knowing the rules of the genre, we will not treat this formulation non-figuratively. However, if the author used the word in a second sense, it is worth recalling that the word comes from the German debiler Mensch, and again from the Latin adjective debilis, meaning 'weak, frail, powerless, crippled'. For some time it functioned in the psychiatric profession, meaning a mildly mentally retarded person: the intellectual level of adults characteristic of 12 years of age. Textbooks of psychiatry define such people as independent and socially resourceful, who, however, should not perform occupations requiring decision-making, because they have not reached the stage of abstract thinking in cognitive development.The use of the word "moron" in this sense may constitute - also hyperbolic - critique of the president's intellectual qualities and competences and showing that Andrzej Duda is unfit to act as head of state, because he either does not know the election procedures in the USA or knows them, but the name of an ad hoc political interest tries to mislead the public opinion in Poland .
Therefore, it should be stated that from the philological (or more precisely: genological and semantic) point of view, the statement by Jakub Żulczyk published on Facebook has a quasi-literary character and falls within the genre of a satirical column. A genre whose poetics allows for sharper judgments and requires the audience (including those presented in the "crooked mirror" of satire) to treat them hyperbolically, not literally.
dr hab. Michał Rusinek, prof. Of the Jagiellonian University
 Why have I mentioned it in this thread? Coz there was a similar case 100 years ago when in Austrian-occupied zone certain Polish officer called the Austrian Emperor stara pierdoła - old fart.
“In the second year of the war (1916 - note by LS), an Austrian officer of Polish origin, in a letter to a friend, called the Emperor" old crap ". The letter was intercepted by censorship and the case was taken to court. Three university professors, Polish scholars, Kazimierz Nitsch, Jan Łoś and Jan Rozwadowski, summoned as experts, agreed that the "old crap" was not - as counterintelligence suggested - an "alter Dummkopf", but a "gutmutiger Opa", a kind old man. The emperor, clearly pleased, praised the tried and tested loyalty of Poles and had the report read out many times in the presence of as many witnesses as possible. " Or: "Franz Joseph read with real satisfaction the address passed by the Galician Seym:" From the bottom of our hearts, we declare that we stand and want to stand by you, most bright Lord ". The monarch perfectly understood the allusion contained in the address and ordered that the older signatories of the address be allowed to sit in his company for a moment ”. When he was old, Francis appreciated the merits of age-old people. When he found out that Maria Tornetta, the oldest prostitute in Vienna, of Italian descent, served clients at the age of 81, he regretted that the nature of her activities made it difficult to use her curriculum vitae as an example of a reliable attitude to work in school textbooks. |
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Post by Bonobo on Jan 18, 2022 18:22:44 GMT 1
Coz there was a similar case 100 years ago when in Austrian-occupied zone certain Polish officer called the Austrian Emperor stara pierdoła - old fart. Similarly to the case from 100 years ago, today the court acquited the writer who had called the President moron. Of course, rightists are indignant at the ruling, coz they prefer to forget how they used to call names previous presidents from parties other than right. |
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