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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 19:45:24 GMT 1
 The Polish languagePolish language, Polish Język Polski, West Slavic language belonging to the Lekhitic subgroup and closely related to Czech, Slovak, and the Sorbian languages of eastern Germany; it is spoken by the majority of the present population of Poland.
The modern literary language, written in the Roman (Latin) alphabet, dates from the 16th century and was originally based on the dialects of the area around Poznań, in western Poland. The first written Polish consists of a list of names in the Papal Bull issued in 1136 by Pope Innocent II to the archbishop of Gniezno; the oldest recorded sentence is a gloss translating a quotation in a document from 1270. Extant manuscripts containing any appreciable amount of connected Polish text date back no earlier than the 14th century.
Pope Innocent II
The archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub ze Żnina. He was archbishop from c. 1124 until 1148.
Polish contains a great number of words borrowed from Latin, Czech, German, Belarusian, and Ukrainian and also some words from Italian, French, and English. Along with the other West Slavic languages, it has a fixed stress accent. In contrast to the others, however, the language has nasalized vowels (spelled ę and ą), indirectly continuing the nasalized vowels of early Slavic. Among the major dialects are Great Polish and Pomeranian, Silesian, Little Polish, and Mazovian. Kashubian (Cassubian), often classified as a Polish dialect, is, historically, a separate language. |
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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 19:48:46 GMT 1
 Darker blue parts on the map are majority Polish speaking regions and the lighter blue regions are the light blue parts on this map |
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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 19:53:57 GMT 1
 The "Recovered Territories" (in pink) were parts of Germany, including the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk), that became part of Poland after World War II. Gray color, territories lost to the Soviet Union followed by mass Polish population transfers (1944–46). (Source Wikipedia) |
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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 19:55:45 GMT 1
 Geographical distribution of the Polish language (green) and other Central and Eastern European languages and dialects. A large Polish-speaking diaspora remains in the countries located east of Poland that were once the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic (1918-1939). (Source Wikipedia) |
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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 19:58:21 GMT 1
 Knowledge of the Polish language within Europe. The Polish diaspora heavily contributed to the spread of the Polish language in Western European countries (United Kingdom) and Scandinavia. However, it was the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that made Polish lingua franca in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in the Baltic States. (Source: Wikipedia) |
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Post by pjotr on Jul 1, 2019 20:04:01 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 12:55:47 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 12:58:55 GMT 1
One of the students says the logical sentence: "Living in a country where we have a lot of Polish people coming in who really don't know anything about their own past. And learning about the great Adam Mickiewicz (1798 – 1855) is really opening eyes to what lies beyond our concepts of Western-Europe."
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 13:19:32 GMT 1
There are a lot of British people with Polish ancestry by the way, here you see a few:
Gielgud was born in South Kensington, London, the third of the four children and youngest of three sons of Frank Henry Gielgud (1860–1949) and his second wife, Kate Terry-Gielgud, née Terry-Lewis (1868–1958). The two elder boys were Lewis, who became a senior official of the Red Cross and UNESCO, and Val, later head of BBC radio drama; their sister Eleanor became John's secretary for many years. On his father's side, Gielgud was of Lithuanian and Polish descent. The surname derives from Gelgaudiškis, a village in Lithuania. The Counts Gielgud had owned the Gielgudziszki Castle on the River Niemen, but their estates were confiscated after they took part in a failed uprising against Russian rule in 1830–31. Jan Gielgud took refuge in England with his family; one of his grandchildren was Frank Gielgud, whose maternal grandmother was a famous Polish actress, Aniela Aszpergerowa.
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 13:34:25 GMT 1
Allin-Khan was born in Tooting. Her Polish mother had been a singer in the Polish girl group Filipinki, who met her father, originally from Pakistan, while the band was on tour in London. The couple separated after having two children, and Allin-Khan's mother worked three jobs to support Rosena and her brother.
Living in exile
Sławoj-Składkowski, Prime Minister of Poland from 15 May 1936 until 30 September 1939, was at first interned with other members of his government in the town of Slanic. In October 1939, he was transferred to Baile Herculane. There, together with Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, he wrote a letter to President Raczkiewicz (9 October), demanding a permission to leave Romania. New Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile, General Władysław Sikorski, refused to grant the permission. Desperate, Składkowski asked to join the Polish Army in France, again to be denied.
Since both Hungary and Romania were threatened by Germany and the Soviet Union, General Sikorski finally agreed to a partial evacuation of high-ranking Polish officials interned in Romania. In June 1940 Składkowski was allowed to go to France, where his wife lived. On 24 June, after crossing Bulgaria, he arrived by train at Istanbul in Turkey. There he once again asked to join the Polish Army, but was denied on 3 July. On 3 October 1940, Składkowski sent another letter, this time to President Raczkiewicz, and finally on 24 November he was granted Sikorski’s permission.
In late 1940, Składkowski was sent to the Reserve Center of the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade (General Stanislaw Kopański). The center was located in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, and Sławoj reached it on 10 January 1941. On 25 January, upon request of General Kordian Józef Zamorski, he was named sanitary inspector of the local units of the Polish Army. In early March 1941, he was named military envoy to Polish Red Cross in Palestine. In mid-1941, General Sikorski sent him to the Center of Army Generals in Tel Aviv, where Składkowski spent the remaining part of the war, together with Janusz Jędrzejewicz. In 1946, he married Jadwiga Dołęga-Mostowicz, and in 1947, he left Palestine for London, upon the creation of the free state of Israel.
Składkowski was an active member of Polish émigré circles in Great Britain. He died on 31 August 1962 in London, and was buried at Brompton Cemetery. On 8 June 1990, his body was returned to Poland and buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 13:51:22 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 15:46:54 GMT 1
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Post by pjotr on Jul 2, 2019 15:54:56 GMT 1
This is an interesting video. Polish people speak out about their own language Polish. Do they like it, don't they like it and do they think that Polish is properly used by fellow Poles? And how much is the Polish language linked to the Polish identity of Poles?
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