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Post by Bonobo on Feb 21, 2008 20:35:43 GMT 1
Lwów or Lvov was the third major city in Poland before the WW2. Today it is in the Ukraine. Lviv/Lvov, the biggest city in Western Ukraine, was founded as a fort in the mid-13th century (first mentioned as a city in a medieval chronicle in 1256) by Prince Danylo Halitski of Galicia, one of the most powerful princes in east-central Europe and a former principality of Kievan Rus. City was named after his son Lev.
Located roughly in the midpoint of Europe, it quickly became the center of trade and commerce. Major trade roads from the Black and Baltic Sea ports, East and Western Europe led to its rapid economic development. Due to its geographical location the city was a meeting place of Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish and Austrian cultures. Armenians, Hungarians, Greeks, Italians, Serbs, Moldavians and many more others lived there for the duration of many centuries. All of them together had introduced wide variety of traditions, cultures, religions and a mix of architecture. Now, Lviv is a major economic and cultural center of the Western region of independent Ukrainian state.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LvivLvov resembles Krakow to a great extent. Lvov`s historical buildings look similar to those of Krakow. The university  The opera  Inside  The National Museum Museum   A Rus prince, the founder of Lvov.    Orthodox church    Catholic church   |
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Post by Bonobo on Feb 21, 2008 21:23:30 GMT 1
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Post by Bonobo on Jan 10, 2009 22:51:07 GMT 1
Vilnius, a 2009 European capital of culture
1/4/09
www.google.com/hostednews/afp/media/ALeqM5itDH62mWR_XkbqeQFNQw17-OrLow?size=m
Tourists are seen visiting the old town of Vilnius, in summer of 2008
www.google.com/hostednews/afp/media/ALeqM5iAx6y8R84NSn2AkH0qh8negsQmUQ?size=m
Opening of the national programme Vilnius European Capital of Culture 2009
VILNIUS (AFP) — Lithuania's capital Vilnius has rung in 2009 as a European Capital of Culture, sharing the title this year with the Austrian city of Linz, with plans for 12 months of concerts, art and multi-media events.
"This puts us back on the European cultural map," says Elona Bajoriniene, events coordinator for the city's special year.
A member of the European Union since 2004, Lithuania was an unwilling Soviet republic until 1990 when it reclaimed its independence and much of its indigenous cultural heritage suppressed by Soviet overlords for half a century.
Founded in the early 14th Century by the Grand Duke Gediminas, Vilnius quickly became a cultural centre in north-eastern Europe, seeing the creation of its university in 1579.
For centuries the city was a meeting point of the Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Jewish cultures.
With its winding, narrow medieval cobble-stoned streets lined by an impressive mix of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and classical-style buildings, in 1994 Vilnius's tourist-magnet old town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site.
In the year ahead Vilnius promises 900 special events, 60 percent of which will be free of charge and open to the public.
"It's an invitation to rediscover Vilnius," says Bajoriniene.
Organising concerts in a district of Vilnius inhabited by the city's Roma, or gypsies, Augustinas Beinaravicius hopes they will also raise local awareness of and tolerance towards the city's small communities of ethnic minorities.
"I hope that people will become more tolerant towards these kinds of cultural initiatives, " he told AFP.
In January a series of concerts is planned paying homage to the celebrated Jewish violinist Jascha Heifetz, born in Vilnius in 1901.
"We want some of the events to become annual ones," says Sandra Adomaviciute, coordinator of several music events, including a street music festival in early May and the Lux festival of light during December, the darkest month of the year.
In June, the National Art Gallery will open an exposition focused on 19th Century Lithuanian composer and painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis (1875-1911) and his contemporaries.
Organisers hope this year's cultural extravaganza will attract three million visitors to Vilnius, population 542,000.
Its tourism and service sectors are expected to boom by at least 15 percent during 2009, a year in which a 4.8-percent contraction of GDP has been predicted after years of robust economic growth.
As the global financial crisis bites, Lithuanian legislators slashed the organising budget for Vilnius culture capital events from 40 to 29 million litas (11.6 to 7.25 million euros, 16 to 10 million dollars).
"I hope this year of cultural events will make the outside world get to know our city better," says Sandra, a Vilnius resident who was among the tens of thousands gathered near the city's impressive cathedral to gaze at a spectacular New Year's Eve light show in the night sky by German artist Gert Hof.
"It's a very charming city, with beautiful Baroque architecture and very warm, welcoming locals."
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Post by Bonobo on May 9, 2009 22:03:06 GMT 1
]
Vilnius - Contested city
Apr 30th 2009
The Economist
Vilnius is an example to others—a contested city, but not a divided one
THE choice of name for the capital of present-day Lithuania—Wilno, Vilna, Vilne, Wilda, Vilnia or now Vilnius—shows who you are, or were. In the 20th century alone, it has been occupied or claimed by Germany, Russia, Poland and the Soviet Union, with only brief periods of Lithuanian autonomy.
Vilne, in Yiddish, was home to one of Judaism's greatest rabbis, a saintly brainbox known as the Gaon (Genius) who gave his first sermon aged seven and kick-started the great Jewish intellectual revival in the 18th century. "Vilna is not simply a city, it is an idea," said a speaker at a Yiddish conference in 1930. It was the virtual capital of what some call Yiddishland, a borderless realm of east European Jewish life and letters in the inter-war era. At times, the majority of the city's population was Jewish. Their murder and the deportation of many Poles by Stalin meant that the city lost 90% of its population during the second world war. Present-day inhabitants of Vilnius may find much they did not know in Laimonas Briedis's subtle and evocative book about their city's history.
Poles mourn the loss of Wilno, one of their country's great cultural and literary centres. Poland's two great poets studied there: Adam Mickiewicz nearly two centuries ago, and in the pre-war years Czeslaw Milosz, a Nobel prizewinner. Yet both men saw their Lithuanian and Polish identities as complementary, not clashing.
For Russians, Vilna had harsher echoes. Fyodor Dostoyevsky stayed there briefly, detesting the subversive pro-Polish sentiment of what was the third-largest city in the tsarist empire. Earlier it was centre stage in Napoleon's disastrous invasion of 1812. Mr Briedis neatly sums up the city's appearance in Tolstoy's "War and Peace". "A crossing through Vilna was like a passage of honour: to the east…lay Russia—a familiar land offering spiritual comfort and self-respect; to the west—Europe—a foreign territory prompting national self-doubt and embarrassment. "
In any of the dozen possible renderings of the city's name, its roots evoke mystery. Wilda, its old German label, comes from the word wild. In Lithuanian come hints of the words for devil (velnias), the departed (velionis) and ghost (vele). That ambiguity is fitting. In its 700-odd years of recorded history, the city has been both capital city and provincial backwater. Outsiders have been struck by its filthy streets and shameless women, and also by its glorious architecture and heights of scholarship. Pilgrims flock to the Gates of Dawn (its towers pictured above), its most holy Catholic shrine. It has been the epitome of tolerance and a crucible of the Holocaust.
In a modern Europe Vilnius can seem peripheral. Mr Briedis, however, begins by noting that when French geographers recently plotted the mid-point between Europe's cartographical extremes, they found the continent's true centre was a derelict farmhouse just outside the city.
Foreign visitors have left few written accounts, but Mr Briedis uses them all as sources. A hapless papal delegation provides the first. In 1324 it tried and failed to persuade Lithuania's great pagan ruler, Gediminas, to adopt Christianity. He showed no desire to forsake Perkunas the thunder god, berating his visitors for their intolerance. "Why do you always talk about Christian love?" he asked the pope's men. "Where do you find so much misery, injustice, violence, sin and greed, if not among the Christians?"
Lithuania eventually adopted Christianity, along with a dynastic deal with Poland, in 1387. A cathedral was built on the pagan temple, the holy fires doused and the sacred groves felled. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania flourished. At its height in the 16th century it was a vast multiconfessional empire, stretching to the Black Sea, with no fewer than six legal languages, including Hebrew and Armenian. Even as that declined, the Vilnius style of Baroque architecture ripened in glory, a "splendid autumn" in one of Mr Briedis's many well-turned phrases, that paid "a gracious farewell to its phantom golden age".
The most poignant chapter is on cemeteries past and present, many of which were desecrated by the Soviets. Mass graves are still unearthed in Vilnius. They hold victims of Stalin's NKVD, of the Nazis, and—as in one recent example—thousands of fallen soldiers from Napoleon's shattered Grande Armée. Vanished civilisations and lost empires leave a city stalked by horror and steeped in wonder.
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Post by Bonobo on Aug 30, 2009 21:10:23 GMT 1
A Day in Lviv
thenews.pl
12.08.2009
Lviv is a truly enchanting city with a vivid past and long tradition as the most multicultural city in Galicia, the historic region of present-day Western Ukraine and Southern Poland.
Text and photos by Monika Greszta
Located along trade routes between the East and the West, Lviv was home to Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, Jews, Armenians, Germans and Austrians. For many centuries it was the centre of European events, being a part of the Polish Kingdom, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Western Ukrainian Republic, Second Polish Republic and the USSR. During World War II it was occupied by the Nazis and then by Soviet troops. In 1991, Lviv became a part of independent Ukraine.
Lviv Central Station
At 6 am, with my eyes half closed but my mind wide open, I get off a train which brought me to Lviv from Krakow. Six hours of a pleasant journey and, here I am, in the very heart of Western Ukraine. Women dressed in colourful clothes and equipped with enormous baskets full of strawberries and cherries emerge from the fog hanging over the deserted platform. The city is still asleep, but the merchants, who rush to open their stalls on the streets of Lviv, are not. I walk across the Lviv Central Station, which recalls the times of the Habsburg Empire. Built in 1904, it is one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau in Galicia: stained glass windows, bent steel railings and ornaments bear resemblance to Parisian metropolitan and revive the unique ambience of the fin de siecle. A few steps past the main entrance, the shining interior paved with polished marble suddenly turns into a dusty sidewalk with uneven flagstones. Accompanied by stray dogs, I head towards a round building – perched on a concrete leg – used by traffic wardens. It looks like an abandoned flying saucer which accidentally landed in Lviv. From there I jump on a bright blue tram, punch a ticket and off I go through the narrow, winding streets of old Lviv, packed with ancient buildings.
Kriyvka bar
I start my visit in Lviv from Kryivka, one of the most controversial venues in the city. It is a themed restaurant which pays tribute to the partisans of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, an underground force which fought a brutal war against the Nazis, Soviets and Poles throughout the 1940s. Aware of an unusual "opening ceremony" at the restaurant, which refers to Ukrainian nationalism, I knock at the solid wooden door. "Are you a Russian?" asks a voice on the other side. I deny that I am. "A Jew?". "No". "A Traitor?" continues the voice, trying to make sure I'll be a proper guest at the UPA hideout. I deny again and the door finally opens. I see a guard in battledress with a machine gun in his hand. "Password!" demands the guard. "Glory to Ukraine!" I reply. "Glory to its Heroes!" responds the guard and treats me with a shot of medovuha, home made honey vodka. I look around: the dimmed interior is adorned with Ukrainian flags, yellowed photos of Ukrainian partisans, revolutionary posters and machine guns. Instead of a menu, I receive a partisan newspaper, from which I learn not only about meals served at Kryivka, which are likened to the kind of food soldiers would receive from a mess kitchen, but also, how to use a machine gun or how to build a shelter.
Lychakovsky cemetery
After a substantial dose of Ukrainian history, I make my way to Lviv's City of the Dead to find the traces of Lviv's cosmopolitan past. Since the 18th century Lychakovsky cemetery has been the final resting place of Lviv's most prominent citizens. In elegant tombs, submerged in lavish green vegetation, Austrian aristocrats lie alongside Napoleonic generals, Polish professors and artists, and Ukrainian and Soviet heroes. I end my crash course on Lviv's history at the cemetery of the Lwow Eaglets, young Polish soldiers who defended Lviv against Ukrainian nationalists during the Polish-Ukrainian War in 1918-19. Today, mortal enemies lie side by side and two memorials bring up bitter memory of the battles. I'm strolling through hundreds of white crosses with Polish surnames engraved on them. Suddenly, I can hear shooting and combat screams. Shocked and puzzled I look around and discover that on the verge of the cemetery several dozen men clad in battledresses are running across a pitch shooting at each other with paintball machine guns.
Plosha Rynok
From the cemetery, I head towards the Market Square at the heart of the old town. A Viennese-looking town hall, located in the centre of the square, is surrounded by beautiful town houses built in every imaginable style: Baroque, Renaissance, Rococo, neo-Classical. Buildings, with yellow, rust, pale green and brown facades, once belonged to nobility and wealthy merchants. The most impressive of all is the Black House, built in the 16th century for an Italian tax collector. As I'm walking along the Plosha Rynok, I suddenly spot an odd "couple" – a woman accompanied by a huge pig. "Here? In the centre of Lviv?" I can hardly believe my eyes. Apparently I'm not the only one, as there are a few people who are curiously peeping at the pig. "Come and have a photo with a pig" the woman encourages tourists and the animated pig grunts encouragingly. Around the corner, a blind accordionist is playing a well-known Polish song Tylko we Lwowie (Only in Lviv). I cannot help thinking that certain things, indeed, happen only in Lviv.
Mickiewicz SquareMeandering along cobblestone streets lined with centuries-old buildings covered with flaking paint and picturesque churches of various faiths, I reach the statue of Adam Mickiewicz, the greatest Polish Romantic poet. Here, my tour of literary and artistic Lviv starts. I enter Hotel George, the most renowned hotel in the city, located near the monument. Its blue vestibule recalls a fine, regal past. This Neo-Renaissance building, erected in 1901, hosted such celebrities as the Habsburg Emperor Franz Josef, French writer Honore de Balzak, and Jozef Pilsudski, head of the Second Polish Republic. Hungarian composer Franz Liszt conducted the Lviv Philharmonic and Polish opera singer Jan Kiepura sang his arias from the balcony in Hotel George
Prospekt Svobody
I leave Hotel George behind and walk along Prospekt Svobody (Freedom Avenue), a wide, tree-lined esplanade with restaurants and outdoor cafes along both sides. Suddenly, I spot an old woman in a navy blue dress, bright yellow jacket and a scarf. She is running along the avenue with a bunch of brushwood in her hand. "Wiera! Come here!" screams the woman and waves to a similar-looking babushka. "What does she need the wood for?" I wonder, and, after a while, I receive my answer. Wiera comes with a piece of string and two women make a broom to sweep the street. It strikes me that here, in Lviv, the waste disposal service is operated by very old people who, elsewhere, would long be retired. I stop at the monument of Taras Shevchenko, one of the most renowned Ukrainian poets, and immediately get accosted by an elegant elderly lady. "Are you Ukrainian?" she asks. "No. I'm Polish". "Ah…Polish" she echoes my words and instantly switches into my mother tongue. I learn that she is a retired Polish language and literature teacher and is collecting money for an operation. "Please buy it," - she hands me a pocket album with photos of Lviv. I hesitate. "C'mon. It's only a ten-spot!" she tries to encourage me. Amazed with her use of colloquial Polish, I finally reach for a Ukrainian ten hryvnia banknote. "I meant Polish zloty, not Ukrainian hryvnia," says the woman. At that point I'm impressed with both - her language and marketing skills.
The Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet
At the end of Prospekt Svobody is the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, a majestic, richly-decorated building in the neoclassical style, built in 1900. The theatre, which resembles similar venues in Paris and Vienna, can accommodate 1,000 people. Its internal, breath-taking decoration was designed by the most renowned Polish sculptors and painters. In front of the theatre, in the shadow of chestnut trees, old men are playing chess and domino on park benches. For a moment, I join the crowd of spectators who are taking bets. Looking at the players and their supporters, I suddenly realize that most of the faces that I've seen that day, are very wrinkled. Indeed, Lviv is a city of old people.
Armenian district
Around the corner from the theatre, entering the Armenian district of Lviv, I come across a market where women in scarves sell antiquities, colourful jewellery, traditional embroidered shirts, old books and folk toys. I walk across the market, accompanied by the shrieks of saleswomen praising their goods and stop at the Armenian Cathedral, one of the city's oldest buildings, erected in 1363. I gaze up at the beautiful frescos on the ceiling and at the walls of the cathedral, largely the work of Jan Rosen and Jozef Mehoffer, and admire the arcade gallery outside the building and a magnificent wooden sculpture from the 18th century, which depicts the Crucifixion of Christ on Golgotha. I think of the Armenians, a nation of wanderers and merchants, in the past called "the Jews of the East", who settled down in Ukraine as early as the 10th century and still form a part of Ukrainian society. Leaving the Armenian district, I visit the Dzyga Cultural Center, a modern art gallery housed in the former Dominican monastery of an 18th-century Baroque church. It is the heart of bohemian life in Lviv, attracting mainly young people. In the outdoor café on the patio, I meet a group of students from the southern city of Chernivtsi, who came here to watch an exhibition of Vlodko Kaufman called "Ptakhoterapy" and to feel the ambience of the artistic mecca of Lviv. While we are talking about Ukrainian music in mixed Polish, Russian and Ukrainian, I notice that every girl who passes, takes a photo of herself with a sculpture of a green fish. "Why is the fish so popular among women?" I ask. "It ensures love and early marriage," responds Irena and shows me her photo with the "magic" fish.
Jewish district
I end my visit in Lviv in the Jewish district. The Jewish community in Galicia was the largest in the world until World War II and the Golden Rose Synagogue was at the centre of Jewish culture in Lviv. It was built in 1582 and destroyed by the Nazis, only the eastern wall survived. Yaroslav, who runs a Jewish restaurant in Lviv, tells me a legend about the synagogue. "The Golden Rose synagogue was named after Rose Nachmanovich, daughter-in- law of a prominent Jew, Isaac Nachmanovich. She was a very refined and beautiful woman. At that time, the Jesuit order was active in Lviv and the whole Jewish district belonged to the Catholic Church. Rose wanted to build a synagogue there. Legend has it that the Jesuits seized the area, so Rose went to a bishop to beg him to return the land to the Jews. When the bishop saw her, he said: "I will let you build a synagogue only if you spend a night with me". Rose agreed and the Jewish commune was allowed to build a synagogue. At dawn, when the bishop woke up, he found Rose dead, as she had poisoned herself". After a short lesson on the Jewish community in Lviv, I enter "Under the Golden Rose" restaurant. The dark interior is lit with seven-armed candlesticks called menorahs and Jewish music is wafting from the speakers. I order the speciality of the house: homemade vodka called pesahivka and goose livers. I'm a bit confused as I cannot find prices on the menu and, after a while, I learn that I ended up in a unique venue in Lviv where the price of the meal depends on the bargaining skills of the client. So, according to the custom, I haggle with the waitress, employing all possible methods to persuade her that my meal should cost less than she demands. At the end, excited and proud of my bargaining skills, I leave the restaurant, and, under cover of night and rain, I run to the Central Station to catch a midnight train back to Krakow.
Lviv
HOW TO GET TO LVIV The overnight PKP Intercity train Wroclaw-Krakow- Lviv will take you from Krakow to Lviv in only six hours. It departs from Krakow at 10.39 pm and arrives at Lviv at 6.03 am. The train goes back to Krakow at 23:59 so one can spend 18 hours visiting Lviv and save on accommodation. The cost of a return ticket is 87.80 euro per person in a two-person compartment.
HOW TO TRAVEL IN THE CITY The cheapest and most comfortable way of traveling is by tram. A single ticket from Lviv Central Station to the Old Town costs only 9 euro cents. A taxi, covering the same route, costs approximately 2.60 euro.
WHERE TO EAT AND DRINK
Kryjivka bar, bread with lard costs 70 euro cents, borsch 1 euro, beer also 1 euro, medovuha – the traditional honey vodka – 1.22 euro.
Videnska Kavyarnya, 12 Prospekt Svobody, a Viennese style restaurant with a patio, one of the finest in Lviv. The main dish costs 2.00-6.50 euro, traditional potato pancakes with white cheese and sour cream are 1.90 euro, and tea is 1 euro.
Dzyga Cultural Center, 35 Virmenska Street, a contemporary art gallery and bar. Home-style toasted bread with veal tongue, pickled mushrooms and cucumbers for 1 euro, Ukrainian bread sour costs 60 euro cents.
Under the Golden Rose, 37 Staroyevrayska Street, a Jewish restaurant. Speciality of the house – pesehivka vodka, goose liver, blintzes - Jewish style pancakes. You can negotiate the price of your meal.
Café Veronika, 21 Shevchenka Street, a Viennese style café with fabulous cakes. The main dish is about 2.00-8.70 euro, with a coffee latte for 1.30 euro.
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Post by jeanne on Aug 30, 2016 19:53:48 GMT 1
Can anyone tell me if this sanctuary on webcam contains the original, or "real" icon of Our Lady of OstraBrama, or if this is a replica? I can't read all the details in Polish to even determine where this is. Thanks. esanok.pl/kamery_sanok/skarzysko_kamera.html |
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Post by Bonobo on Sept 5, 2016 19:47:01 GMT 1
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Post by jeanne on Sept 5, 2016 22:32:46 GMT 1
So....have they made a replica of the gate in Vilnius at this church in southern Poland? |
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Post by Bonobo on Sept 6, 2016 12:53:06 GMT 1
So....have they made a replica of the gate in Vilnius at this church in southern Poland? Why a replica of the gate? It is enough to have a replica of the painting, the gate is not so important...... |
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Post by jeanne on Sept 6, 2016 17:15:03 GMT 1
Why a replica of the gate? It is enough to have a replica of the painting, the gate is not so important...... I have seen photos of the gate in Vilnius where the image is held, and it looks very much like the place containing the chapel in the webcam that I posted. I thought that webcam was of the actual original image. That's why I asked you the question about the details written in Polish on that website. When I looked at the link you gave me about the church in southern Poland, I saw in some photos that it looked like a gate like the one in Vilnius had been constructed next to the church to house their reproduction of the original image. www.urloplandia.pl/o/sanktuarium-matki-bozej-ostrobramskiej-w-skarzysku-kamiennej-201674This was apparently why I was confused. I thought I was seeing on the webcam the original image within the gate in Vilnius when perhaps I was looking at a replica of both the gate and the image in southern Poland! Do you follow what I'm talking about? |
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Post by Bonobo on Sept 6, 2016 18:18:15 GMT 1
Why a replica of the gate? It is enough to have a replica of the painting, the gate is not so important...... I have seen photos of the gate in Vilnius where the image is held, and it looks very much like the place containing the chapel in the webcam that I posted. I thought that webcam was of the actual original image. That's why I asked you the question about the details written in Polish on that website. When I looked at the link you gave me about the church in southern Poland, I saw in some photos that it looked like a gate like the one in Vilnius had been constructed next to the church to house their reproduction of the original image. www.urloplandia.pl/o/sanktuarium-matki-bozej-ostrobramskiej-w-skarzysku-kamiennej-201674This was apparently why I was confused. I thought I was seeing on the webcam the original image within the gate in Vilnius when perhaps I was looking at a replica of both the gate and the image in southern Poland! Do you follow what I'm talking about? Oh, yes, indeed, now on second looks I see the similarity and the text in your link also corroborates the church`s shape has been based on the original gate. I didn`t notice it at first - you know why - I am not interested in some gates in foreign capitals - I only support Polish things.  |
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Post by jeanne on Sept 6, 2016 20:11:40 GMT 1
I have seen photos of the gate in Vilnius where the image is held, and it looks very much like the place containing the chapel in the webcam that I posted. I thought that webcam was of the actual original image. That's why I asked you the question about the details written in Polish on that website. When I looked at the link you gave me about the church in southern Poland, I saw in some photos that it looked like a gate like the one in Vilnius had been constructed next to the church to house their reproduction of the original image. www.urloplandia.pl/o/sanktuarium-matki-bozej-ostrobramskiej-w-skarzysku-kamiennej-201674This was apparently why I was confused. I thought I was seeing on the webcam the original image within the gate in Vilnius when perhaps I was looking at a replica of both the gate and the image in southern Poland! Do you follow what I'm talking about? Oh, yes, indeed, now on second looks I see the similarity and the text in your link also corroborates the church`s shape has been based on the original gate. I didn`t notice it at first - you know why - I am not interested in some gates in foreign capitals - I only support Polish things. Well...wasn't Vilnius once part of Poland?...doesn't that count for something with you??  |
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Post by Bonobo on Sept 6, 2016 20:49:43 GMT 1
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Post by jeanne on Sept 6, 2016 22:53:10 GMT 1
Well, alright then, your position on the matter is pretty clear!! |
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